Chinese tallowtree biology and management in southeastern U.S. forests

The Chinese tallowtree was first introduced to the U.S. by Benjamin Franklin in 1776, and was subsequently promoted as part of a soap industry due to the large amount of tallow present in the seeds.  Since its introduction, it has become arguably the most damaging invasive tree species in the southeastern U.S.  Chinese tallowtree is small to medium sized, growing up to 70’ tall.  Trees can produce seeds by the 4^th growing season, sprout from roots up to 15’ from the main stem, and sprout prolifically if the stem is wounded.  After flowering in the late spring, it produces yellow-green catkins that split open in the fall to release seeds.  Chinese tallowtree is common on disturbed sites and lowlands.  Herbicides can be used to effectively manage this tree, though timing of application is critical.  Chinese tallowtree suppresses fire because of its rapid leaf decomposition, and thick bark helps protect the tree from prescribed fire.  However, if enough fuels are available, fire can help reduce Chinese tallowtree germination.