Manage emerald ash borer, or manage the forest

The emerald ash borer (EAB) was discovered in North America 2002, and since then has caused widespread devastation and destruction through eastern North America. This pest has recently invaded the southeastern U.S., and is now present in most southern states. All ash tree species are susceptible, and there is no management method once EAB has attacked a tree other than tree removal. EAB adults feed on leaves in the canopy, and larvae feed in the phloem, girdling and killing the tree. Adults make D-shaped holes as they exit the trunk. EAB infested trees often show thinning or yellowing crowns, sprouts growing from the lower trunk and roots, and woodpecker damage (as the birds go after larvae). Several chemical methods are available as preventative measures, especially for high-value trees. Biological control options are being evaluated, but the most effective management strategy appears to be limiting the human-induced movement of larvae, which can be transported in logs after dead ash trees are turned into firewood.