Biology, ecology, and management of laurel wilt and the redbay ambrosia beetle

Laurel wilt is caused by Harringtonia lauricola, a fungal pathogen transmitted by the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus.  This beetle and fungus are native to southern Asia, and the beetle was first detected in Georgia in 2002.  This disease impacts several trees in the family Lauraceae, including redbay, sassafras, pondspice, bay laurel, and avocado.  Extensive mortality to redbay has occurred in coastal areas from North Carolina to Mississippi, with detections also occurring inland in Alabama, Louisiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Texas, Georgia, and Arkansas.  Infected trees generally die within months, often showing a full crown of dead, brown leaves.  There is no cure once a tree has this disease.  Preventing the spread of this disease by transporting firewood is of the utmost importance, as management options are limited.  Current management involves sanitation (chipping, burning) of infested material, and chemical treatments may be effective for high value trees.